INTRODUCTION

Tomato is an important crop in major vegetable growing Provinces (Kampong Cham, Kampot, Siem Reap, Kandal, and Battambang) in Cambodia (MAFF, 2022). Cambodian farmers traditionally cultivate tomato mostly once a year even though tomato is an important cash crop. High quality tomatoes have very strong market demand during the rainy season in Cambodia. During the rainy season, tomatoes rely on natural pollination and are difficult to fruit set, and excessive branching. Which increases the incidence of diseases (Sikiroul et al., 2010;Ayed et al., 2018) due to poor ventilation, warm and humid climatic condition. In Cambodia, damage of tomatoes by Sclerotium rolfsii (S. rolfsii) is frequently observed in the farmer’s fields. S. rolfsii needs warm and humid climatic conditions for its grown (Ayed et al., 2018). The rainy season in Cambodia is warm and humid, it's favorable conditions for the growth of S. rolfsii. Sikiroul et al. (2010) estimated that over 35% of worldwide tomato yields are reduced by S. rolfsii. Tomato production in open field is limited in rainy season due to disease and flooding caused by heavy rainfall. In this context, it is imperative to explore the graft cultivation of tomatoes under plastic greenhouse and open field to reduce the diseases incidence and maximize the tomato productivity in Cambodian agriculture.

In 2006, Cambodian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (CARDI) bred a high-quality tomato variety ‘Neang Pitch’. However, this variety is susceptible to S. rolfsii, which causes serious damage to tomatoes grown in farmer's fields. Grafted vegetables can overcome diseases and poor environmental conditions (Kubota et al., 2008). So graft cultivation of vegetable is predominantly carried out in Korea and Japan, Europe and North America (Luis et al., 2020). The reduce of disease (Lee et al., 2013;Lee and Kim, 2017) and increase yield (Lee et al., 2022) has been reported in growing graft vegetables. Since the roots of the rootstock are larger and healthier than that of scion, they can uptake water and nutrients efficiently (Lee et al., 2010). Grafting generally uptakes nutrient normally by maintaining root activity at low and high temperatures (Rivero et al., 2003;Abdelmageed and Gruda, 2009), and promotes nutrient uptake (Ruiz et al., 1997). It was found that the resistance to high salinity soil evaluated based on the fruit yield of tomatoes can be increased by grafting (Estan et al., 2005;Martinez-Rodriges et al., 2008). When 'Dotaerang' was grafted onto 'Sincheonggang', tomato plants was not wilted, but when 'Dotaerang' was grown its own roots, 75% of the plants wilted by bacterial wilt (Lee and Kim, 2017). Liu et al. (2009) reported that four chemicals, including carbazole, were present in root exudate when eggplant was grafted onto tomato rootstock. He estimated that such substances suppress infection of pathogens.

The final purpose of grafting is to increase the tolerance to soilborne diseases, abiotic stresses, promote plant vigor, increase yield, and improve the quality of fruit (Lee et al., 2010). In Cambodia, no breeding or selection of varieties and genotypes for grafting has been studied yet. The seed of rootstock genotypes imported from abroad is expensive. So, it is desirable to use the genetic resources held in Cambodia as rootstock. Since CARDI possesses various plant genetic resources, it is necessary to examine whether they can be used as rootstock for tomato graft cultivation. Therefore, this study was conducted to select rootstocks suitable for graft cultivation of the 'Neang Pitch' tomato variety on CARDI eggplant genotypes and Korean tomato variety in Cambodia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Experimental site and plant materials

This study was conducted in a plastic greenhouse and open field of CARDI located along National Road No. 3, Sankat Prateah Lang, Kan Kamboul, Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia. In this experiment, ‘Neang Pich’, a tomato variety bred by CARDI in 2006 was used as nongrafted control and scion for all rootstocks. This variety is a determinate growth type, with a plant height of 60-100 cm, an average fruit weight of 55 g, sugar content of 4.5- 5.5 °Brix and a yield of 19-30 MT/ha. Six eggplant genotypes (‘2017053’, ‘2017062’, ‘17CJVC2’, ‘N0. 80’, ‘VI047979A’, ‘VI041996’) and Korean commercial tomato variety (‘Hulk’) were used as rootstock. These rootstocks were resistant to S. rolfsii (Vathany et al., 2022). ‘Hulk’ (Nongwoo Bio, Korea) is suitable rootstock for long-term cultivation due to the large amounts of roots, and is resistant to bacterial wilt. In Korea, it’s cultivation is possible at all times except for the hot summer season, but cultivation in the hot summer season is not recommended.

Raising of seedlings and graft preparation

Six eggplant genotypes and tomato seeds (‘Hulk’) for rootstock were sown on Aug. 2. Tomato seeds for scion (‘Neang Pich’) were sown on Aug. 9 to achieve similar stem diameters at the grafting time. To enhance germination, placed three layers of filter paper on a petri dish, watered the filter paper, and placed the seeds on top. Petri dishes containing tomato seeds were placed in a 40°C at low temperature incubator (C-IND3, Daeyoung Lab, Korea) for 8 hrs. Tomato seeds were sown in a seedling tray filled with mixed bed soil in a plastic greenhouse. In mixed bed soil, soil, cow manure, cocopeat and carbonized rice hulls were mixed at the ratio of 1.0:0.5:1.0:0.5, respectively. The seedlings were irrigated using a mini sprinkler. On Sep. 3, 2022, 25 days seedlings for scion and 32 days seedlings for rootstock were used to grafting. Grafting was done by the tongue approach grafting method. Grafted seedlings were placed at healing chamber (70% light shade, 95% RH, temperature 35-39°C) for 10 days. The healed seedlings were hardened for 3 days in a plastic greenhouse that blocks 50% of sunlight before transplanting. The growth conditions of the seedlings at the transplanting date were shown in Table 1.

Inoculum preparation of S. rolfsii

The inoculum was prepared by the method of Kwon and Park (2004). The sclerotia formed in the diseased stem tissue of tomato plants was disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for a minute. It was transferred to water agar medium and cultured in a 25°C incubator for 4 days. The end of the cultured mycelium was pulled off, transferred on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) medium, and cultured in a 30°C incubator (BF-70C, BNF, Korea) for 3 days to isolate. The isolated sclerotia were cut into small pieces and mixed with soil sterilized at 110°C for an hr in an autoclave (DQ-DAC 45, CORETECH, Korea). The mixture was dried in the shade for 20 days and then used as an inoculum. After tomato transplanting, 50 g of inoculum per plant was inoculated on the soil surface so as not to touch the scion. The soil was mulched with black plastic film and then drip irrigated to induce disease.

Field preparation and cultivation

Plastic greenhouse (4.5 m height, 7 m width, and 25 m in length) was used to study tomato grafts. To control temperature inside of plastic greenhouse, 80 cm-high vents were installed on both sides of the roof top. Plastic nets were installed in four side walls and vents on the roof to prevent from pests. To suppress temperature rise inside the plastic greenhouse during the experiment period, a black shading net (40% light shade) was installed at the eaves height (2.7 m) inside the plastic greenhouse. Grafted and non-grafted seedlings were transplanted in the soil in a plastic greenhouse and open field on Sep. 21, 2022. The ridge (0.2 m height, 0.5 m width, 6.0 m length), and furrow (0.5 m width) were prepared and all ridges were mulched by black plastic film. Tomatoes were transplanted 0.4 m apart at each ridge. The irrigation amount of plastic greenhouse was 1 mm per day until 25 days after transplanting (DAT), and 1.5 mm per day thereafter. In open field, water was not given when it rained, and water was given only when the soil was somewhat dry. Fertilizer and pesticides were applied in both plastic greenhouse and open field. Cow manure and agricultural lime were applied as basal doses at the rate of 10 MT/ha and 1 MT/ha, respectively. Nitrogen (N), phosphate (P₂O₅), and potassium (K₂O) fertilizers were applied at the rate of 158:144:148 kg/ha, respectively. Halves of these fertilizers were used as basal fertilization and remaining halves were side dressed at 30 DAT, respectively.

Plot design

Treatments were arranged in a split plot design with cultivation practices (plastic greenhouse and open field) applied to main plots, rootstocks applied to sub plots. Treatments were replicated three times. The individual plot size was 6 m long and 0.5 m width. Sixteen tomato plants were transplanted per plot.

Data collection and analysis

Data on the survival rate (%) were collected 2 weeks after inoculation of S. rolfsii inoculum. Scion and rootstock diameter were measured 30 and 60 DAT, respectively. The height, fresh weight, and dry weight of tomato plants were measured 60 DAT. The diameter, length, weight, and yield of tomato fruits were measured at each harvest time. Fruits were harvested when about 30% of the pericarp turned red. Sixteen plants per plot were examined for survival rate and five plants per plot were measured for growth and yield of tomatoes, respectively. Fruits were harvested three days interval, and the characteristics of the all fruit harvested were investigated each time. The fruit diameter was measured the central part with the highest diameter, and the fruit length from the navel to the end of the fruit stalk was measured using a vernier calipers. Tomato plants collected were dried in oven (Universal Oven UN-260, MEMMRT, Germany) at 80°C for 3 days then the dry weight was measured using an electronic scale (AX623, Sartorius Group, Germany). pH and sugar content (°Brix) of the tomato fruit were measured by pH meter (HI-522, SECHANG INSTRUMENT, Korea) and by refractometer (SUGAR-2 PLUS, CAS, Korea), respectively. The pH and sugar content of the fruit were measured by grinding the fruit in a blender (HR2041, PHILIPS, China) and filtering the fruit juice obtained through filter paper (Whatman No. 2). Collected data were entered into an excel sheet and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research (Jampuk, C., 2020). The significant differences between the means of collected data were compared using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5% level. The temperatures of the plastic greenhouse (Avg. 36.3°C, max. 49.6°C , avg. max. 44.3°C, min. 22.1°C, avg. min. 24.3°C) and the open field (Avg. 30.3°C, max. 41.4°C, avg. max. 34.8°C, min. 20.1°C, avg. min. 24.1°C) were measured using an automatic weather system (WCAWS100S, Weather Link Inc. Korea). The changes in temperature and precipitation during the experiment period are shown in Fig. 1.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Plants survival rate and stem diameter in a plastic greenhouse and open field

In a plastic greenhouse, the plant survival rate was 80.2%. The scion diameters at 30 and 60 DAT were 7.4 mm and 12.9 mm, and the rootstock diameters were 6.1 mm and 7.6 mm, respectively (Table 2). In open field, the plant survival rate was 79.5%. The scion diameters at 30 and 60 DAT were 4.1 mm and 9.6 mm, and the rootstock diameters were 3.7 mm and 6.9 mm, respectively. There was no difference in plant survival rate between plastic greenhouse and open field. The scion diameter at 30 and 60 DAT were 81% and 34% higher in a plastic greenhouse than that of open field, respectively. Rootstock diameters at 30 and 60 DAT were 65% and 10% higher in a plastic greenhouse than that of open field, respectively.

Susceptible tomato plants to S. rolfsii, the lower part of the scion rotted and turned brown 9 days after inoculation. Over time, this part formed a fluffy white and a small mycelium of light brown. Infected plants were completely wilted 14 days after inoculation. Suitable conditions for the growth of S. rolfsii are warm temperature and high humidity (Ayed et al., 2018). In this study, although the average temperature in a plastic greenhouse (36.3°C) and open field (30.3°C) were much different, there was no difference in the survival rate. The cause is thought to be that both plastic greenhouse and open field were artificially inoculated with S. rolfsii. The scion and rootstock diameter in a plastic greenhouse were higher than those of open field. In this study, scion and rootstock diameters were increased up to 60 DAT. This result was similar to the stem diameter of tomato plants increased until 73 days after transplanting (Lee et al. 2022).

Plants survival rate and stem diameter depending on rootstock

The survival rate was the highest in plants grafted onto ‘VI041979A’ (90.8%). The grafted plants onto ‘2017053’, ‘2017062’, ‘17CJVC2’, ‘No. 80’, and ‘VI041996’ showed survival rates from 80.0% to 89.7%. The scion diameter at 30 and 60 DAT grafted onto ‘2017062’ (6.1 mm, 12.4 mm), ‘17CJVC2’ (6.5 mm, 12.4 mm), and ‘No. 80’ (6.4 mm, 12.8 mm) were higher than those of other treatments (5.2-11.4 mm). The rootstock diameter at 30 DAT was the highest in ‘VI041996’ (6.2 mm). The stem diameters of ‘17VJVC2’ (5.0 mm) and ‘Hulk’ (5.4 mm) were over 5 mm, and that of other rootstocks gave from 4.3 mm to 4.7 mm. The rootstock diameter at 60 DAT was the highest in ‘No. 80’ (7.8 mm). The stem diameter of other rootstocks showed from 7.0 mm to 7.6 mm.

When tomatoes are grafted onto the eggplant and tomato rootstocks that are resistant to bacterial wilt, the plant survival rate varies depending on the rootstocks (Lee et al., 2013;Lee and Kim, 2017). Their reports are similar to the results of the present study, even though they cover a different disease than ours. The plants survival rate grafted onto ‘Hulk’ gave the lowest (68.8%). Therefore, using ‘Hulk’ as rootstock is not desirable because it is difficult to secure survival. ‘Hulk’ (Nongwoo Bio, Korea) is not recommended for use as a rootstock during hot summer season in Korea. So this rootstock may have poor tolerance to high temperatures. However, the maximum temperature (49.6°C) in the Cambodian plastic greenhouse during the experiment period, which was higher than that of hot summers season in Korea. The present study, it is thought that grafted plants onto ‘Hulk’ were unable to adapt to high temperatures. Rootstock ‘Hulk’ is resistant to bacterial wilt, but may be relatively less resistant to S. rolfsii. Liu et al. (2009) reported that carbazole, amine, 4,6,8-trimethylazulene, and 9-methoxy-fluorene were present in root exudate of grafted eggplant onto tomato. But not present in root exudate from either the tomato rootstocks or the nongrafted eggplants. The allelochemicals exudated from the roots may have toxic or stimulating effects on other plant species and soil microorganisms (Yu, 1999). The present study, the reason for the high survival rate of grafted plants is thought to be due to the produced of alellochemicals at the roots of grafted plants. The produced alellochemicals would have inhibited the growth of S. rolfsii. Grafting vegetables promotes root development (Lee et al., 2010). The present study as well, the root dry weight was higher in grafted plants than that of control. Therefore, it is thought that the plant height and stem diameter of the grafted plants were higher than that of control.

The scion diameter at 30 and 60 DAT was a significant difference (p≤0.05) in the interaction effect between tomato cultivation practices (plastic greenhouse and field) and rootstock.

Plants height, fresh and dry weight grown in a plastic greenhouse and open field

The plant height in a plastic greenhouse (113.2 cm) was 63% higher than that of open field (69.4 cm). The plants grown in a plastic greenhouse gave the top (229 g) and roots (16.0 g) fresh weight and the top (87.8 g) and roots (5.29 g) dry weight, respectively. The plants grown in open field showed the top (165 g) and root (14.4 g) fresh weight, and top (59.5 g) and root (4.80 g) dry weight, respectively. The top and root fresh weight of plants grown in a plastic greenhouse increased by 78% and 11% compared to the open field, and the top and root dry weight increased by 48% and 10%, respectively. The root activity of plants in open field is reduced and the water and nutrient do not uptake normally under excessive soil moisture condition (Morales-Olmedo et al., 2015) by heavy rainfall. A 5°C rise in air temperature increased both tomato plant height and dry weight by 30% (Lee et al., 2008). The total amount of inorganic nutrients contained in field soil runoff during rainfall was about 3 kg/ha (Chang and Yun, 1994). This amount will increase further as the rainfall period continues. In this study, the plants height and weight in a plastic greenhouse were higher than those of open field. This is presumed to be because, although 494 mm of rainfall in open field during the experiment, rainwater was blocked in a plastic greenhouse. And another reason could be that the average temperature in a plastic greenhouse was 6°C higher than that of open field.

Plants height, fresh and dry weight depending on rootstock

Plant height was higher in plants grafted onto rootstock ‘2017062’ (96.0 cm), ‘17CJVE2’ (95.5 cm), and ‘No. 80’ (95.0 cm) than those of other treatments. For the remaining treatments, the plant height showed from 85.5 cm to 91.5 cm. The top fresh weight of plants was the highest in ‘2017062’ (309 g), and the lowest in ‘VI041996’ (131 g). Excluding ‘2017062’ (309 g), the top fresh weight of the plants was higher in order of ‘VI041979’ (260 g), 'No. 80' (239 g), ‘17CJVC2’ (236 g), and ‘2017053’ (229 g). The top fresh weight of control (201 g) and ‘Hulk’ (214 g) was significantly low. The root fresh weight was the highest in ‘2017062’ (18.9 g) and the lowest in ‘VI041996’ (11.7 g). The root fresh weight of plants grafted onto rootstocks ‘2017053’ (16.7 g), ‘No. 80’ (16.2 g), ‘VI041979A’ (15.1 g), and ‘Hulk’ (15.6 g) was measured. The root fresh weight of control (14.5 g) and ‘17CJVC2’ (12.8 g) was very low. Top dry weight of ‘2017062’ (90.5 g) was the highest, and ‘VI041996’ (53.0 g) was the lowest. The top dry weight of ‘VI041979A’ (81.1 g) was relatively high, but the other rootstocks including control, were measured from 71.3 g to 76.1 g. The root dry weight was the highest in ‘2017062’ (6.39 g), and the lowest in ‘VI041996’ (3.67 g). Control (4.89 g) and ‘17CJVC2’ (4.84 g) were relatively low in root dry weight, and ‘2017053’, ‘No. 80’ and ‘VI041979A’ were measured from 5.06 g to 5.50 g. The top (309 g) and root (18.9 g) fresh weight, and top (90.5 g) and root (6.39 g) dry weight of plants grafted onto ‘2017062’ were measured the highest.

When tomatoes were grown by grafting, the growth was better than that of non-grafted plants (Lee et al., 2022), or growth differed depending on the rootstock (Lee and Kim, 2017). The present study, only the height and weight of plants grafted onto ‘VI041996’ was lower than that of control, and that of other rootstocks was higher than that of control. This is because the roots of the grafted plants were vigorous and the uptake of nutrients was higher than that of non-grafted plants (Rivero et al., 2003;Abdelmageed and Gruda, 2009).

The top fresh weight was a significant difference (p≤0.05) in the interaction effect between tomato cultivation practices and rootstock.

Characteristics and yield of fruits in a plastic greenhouse and open field

Fruit length (5.21 cm), width (3.19 cm), weight (39.7 g), number of fruits per plant (24.6), yield per plant (0.89 kg), and yield per ha (19.5 MT) were measured for fruits harvested in a plastic greenhouse. The fruit length (5.79 cm), width (4.09 cm), and weight (52.2 g) in open field were higher than those of plastic greenhouse, respectively. However, the number of fruits per plant (8.1), yield per plant (0.43 kg), and yield per ha (11.8 MT) in open field were significantly lower than those of plastic greenhouse. The pH (4.12) and sugar content (4.77 °Brix) of fruits harvested in a plastic greenhouse were not different from the pH (4.07) and sugar content (4.95 °Brix) in open field.

The average fruit weight of the 'Neang Pich' variety is about 55 g. In this study, the fruit weight (39.7 g) in a plastic greenhouse was lower than that of open field (52.2 g). In fruit vegetables, when the source size was similar, the higher the number of fruits per plant, the lower the fruit weight (Lemoine, R. et al., 2013). In tomato cultivation, the ratio of large fruits was decreased when the temperature raise by 5°C compared to the ambient temperature (Lee et al. 2008). The fact that the average temperature of the plastic greenhouse was 6°C higher than that of the open field also appears to have had an effect on the decreased in fruit weight. The yield per ha considering plant survival rate was 65% higher in a plastic greenhouse than that of open field. This is because the weight of fruit in a plastic greenhouse was lower than that of open field, but the number of fruits was higher. Sweetness and acidity are also the important quality attributes of tomato fruits (Bai and Lindhout, 2007). But in this study, fruit sugar content and acidity showed non-significant difference between plastic greenhouse and open field. The sugar content of the tomato fruit was higher the lower soil moisture content (Kang et al. 2006). However, in this study, there was no difference in the fruit acidity and sugar content between plastic greenhouse and open field. The irrigation amount of plastic greenhouse was 1 mm per day until 25 DAT, and 1.5 mm per day thereafter. In open field, water was not given when it rained, and water was given only when the soil was somewhat dry. Because of this, the soil moisture content in open field and in a plastic greenhouse may have remained similar. So there may have been no difference in the sugar content and acidity of the fruit. And the rootstocks used in this experiment may have been insensitive in determining fruit quality.

Characteristics and yield of fruit depending on rootstock

The fruit length was the longest in ‘2017062’ (6.48 mm). But fruit length of ‘VI1041996’ (4.58 mm) and ‘Hulk’ (4.89 mm) was shorter than that of other treatments. Including control, ‘2017053’, ‘17CJVC2’, ‘No. 80’, and ‘VI041996’ showed fruit lengths from 5.26 mm to 5.87 mm, respectively. The fruit width was the highest in ‘2017062’ (3.99 mm) and the lowest in ‘VI041996’ (3.13 mm). The fruit width of other rootstocks was showed '17CJVC2’ (3.82 mm), ‘No. 80’ (3.72 mm), control (3.69 mm), ‘VI041979A’ (3.68 mm), and ‘Hulk’ (3.44 mm) were higher in that order. Fruit weight was the highest in ‘2017062’ (60.4 g) and lower in ‘VI041996’ (34.3 g) and ‘Hulk’ (33.8 g) than those of other treatments, respectively. The ‘17CJVC2’ (52.9 g), ‘No. 80’ (52.6 g) showed a medium fruit weight, and control (40.5 g), ‘2017053’ (43.2 g), and ‘VI041979A’ (49.9 g) showed relatively low fruit weight, respectively. The number of fruits per plant was the highest in ‘Hulk’ (26.2) and lowest in ‘No. 80’ (12.1). The yield per plant was the highest in ‘2017062’ (0.80 kg) and the lowest in ‘VI041996’ (0.45 kg). Control and ‘Hulk’ both showed fruit yields of 0.73 kg per plant, and the other rootstocks showed from 0.61 kg to 0.67 kg per plant. Considering the survival rate (Table 1), the yield per ha was the highest in ‘2017062’ (17.8 MT) and the lowest in control (10.5 MT). Yield per ha was measured in order of ‘2017062’ (17.8 MT), ‘VI041979’ (16.9 MT), ‘17VJVC2’ (15.9 MT), ‘No. 80’ and ‘2017053’ (14.6 MT). The yield per ha of ‘VI041996’ (11.0 MT) and 'Hulk' (11.8 MT) were significantly low. The pH of the fruit showed from 3.92 to 4.18, and the sugar content from 4.76 to 5.10 °Brix, with no difference among the rootstocks.

In tomato graft cultivation, the yield of tomatoes varies depending on the rootstock, but the yield was usually higher than that of own root cultivation (Lee et al, 2013;Lee et al, 2022). In this study as well, the yield of grafted tomatoes increased from 5% (‘VI41996’) to 70% (‘2017062’) than that of control. The yield of tomatoes was the highest when grafted onto ‘2017062’ (17.8 MT/ ha). The fresh and dry weight of plants grafted onto ‘2017062’ were the highest (Table 3), showed that plant growth has a direct effect on yield. There are reports of non-significant differences in acidity and sugar content of tomato fruit between grafted and non-grafted cultivation (Pogonyi et al., 2005;Khah et al. 2006;Turhan et al., 2011). On the other hand, there are reports that the sugar content of tomatoes varies depending on the rootstock (Lee et al, 2013;Lee and Kim, 2017;Lee et al, 2022). The present study, there was non-significant difference in the sugar content and acidity of fruit when graft cultivation and control. The reason may be that the characteristics of the six eggplant genotypes used as rootstocks in this study are similar.

The fruit weight and yield (MT/ha) was a significant difference (p≤0.05) in the interaction effect between tomato cultivation practices and rootstock.

Conclusion and recommendation

When growing tomatoes in Cambodia, the yield of tomatoes in a greenhouse was 19.5 MT/ha, which was 65% higher than that (11.8 MT/ha) of open field. It was found that the rootstock with the highest yield in ‘Neang pich’ tomato graft cultivation was ‘2017062’ (17.8 MT/ha). Therefore, when growing ‘Neang Pich’ tomatoes in Cambodia, it is recommended to grow them in a plastic greenhouse rather than in open field, and graft cultivation onto rootstock ‘2017062’.

적 요

고품질 다수성이지만 Sclerotium rolfsii에 취약한 캄보디아 토마토 품종 ‘Neang Pich’를 재배할 때 대목의 종류에 따른 생존율, 생육 및 수량 차이를 알아보고자 본 시험을 수행하였 다. 가지 유전자원 6종 (‘2017053’, ‘2017062’, ‘17CJVC2’, ‘No. 80’, ‘VI041979A’, ‘VI041996’)과 한국산 토마토 ‘Hulk’ 대목에 접수 ‘Neang Pich’를 접목한 묘와 ‘Neang Pich’ 실생 묘를 시험에 사용하였다.